| Biomolecules – Proteins |
|---|
| ➧ Proteins are Polypeptides ➧ They are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. ➧ Each protein is a polymer of amino acids. ➧ Currently we have 20 types of amino acids , those are takes part in Protein Synthesis ➧ The amino acids join with the peptide bond and form polypeptide chain. ➧ Protein is a Heteropolymer and not a Homopolymer. ➧ Distance between two peptide bond– 0.35nm ➧ It Constiture 50% of dry weight. ➧ Proteins areforming colloidal comples in cell |
| Types of Proteins |
❒ On the Basis of Structure➧ Fibrous Protein• Insoluble in water. ➧ Globular proteins• Usually soluble in water. ➧ Intermidiate Proteins• Soluble in Water 
❒ On the Basis of Composition➧ Simple protein ❖ 7types of Simple Proteins. ♦ Globulins – Neutral, not soluble in water ♦ Histone – Basic, Soluble in water. ♦ Scleroproteins – Not soluble in water, Found only in animal kingdom. ♦ Protamine – Basic, Soluble in Ammonium Hydroxide. ♦ Glutelin – Soluble in dilute acids or bases. ♦ Prolamine – Insoluble in Water, Soluble in Alcohol. 
➧ Conjugated protein ♦ Chromoprotein ♦ Phosphoprotein ♦ Glycoproteins ♦ Lipoproteins ♦ Metaloproteins ➧ Derived protein ❒ On the Basis of Ionic nature ➧ Acid proteins – Most of the blood proteins. ❒ On the Basis of Function ➧ Respiratory Proteins ➧ Structural proteins ➧ Enzyme ➧ Hormones ➧ Transport Proteins ➧ Storage proteins ➧ Toxins ➧ Contract Proteins 
|
| Interesting Facts about Proteins |
| ➧ The term Protein means ➥ To Occupy first rank ➧ Protein term first time suggested by ➥ Berzileus ➧ Protein term first time used by ➥ G.J Mulder ➧ Most abundant and variable macromolecules of the cel. ➧ Constituted ➥ 50% of dry weight. ➧ In a bacterial cell ➥ 1000-2000 types of proteins are present ➧ Each cell has ➥ unique kind of proteins. ➧ Proteins are the ➥ body building materials of the organisms. ➧ Insulin ➥ made up of 51 amino acids ➧ Haemoglobin ➥ made up of 574 amino acids ➧ Proteins are forming ➥ colloidal complex in cell. ➧ Most abundant protein in Animal World ➥ Collagen ➧ Most abundant protein in the whole of the Biosphere ➥ RuBisCO ➧ RuBisCO ➥ Ribulose bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase. ➧ The sequence of amino acid is determined by the message of DNA molecule (which are carried by mRNA) ➧ Helical Model of protein discovered by — Pauling and Corey |
