| Biomolecules — Amino Acids |
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| ❒ Amino Acids ➧ Amino acids are organic compounds containing two common functional groups … ☛ Amino group (–NH2) ☛ Carboxyl group (–COOH) 
➧ These two funtional groups combines with the same Carbon. |
| ❒ Structure of Amino Acids ➧ Amino acids are actually substituted methanes (CH4). ➧ Besides Amino , Carboxyl groups and Hydrogen they may contain another functional groups also. ➧ This another functional groups called R group or Alkyl group. ➧ Based on the nature of R group there are many Amino acids. ➧ But the number of Proteinogenic amino acids is 20. ➧ Amino acids which are takes part in protein synthesis called Proteinogenic amino acids. ➧ The word “proteinogenic” means “protein creating”. ✪ Note :- ➧ Amino acids are generally represented by a three letter symbol 
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| ❒ Classification of Amino Acids based on position of amino group ➧ Depending upon the relative position of amino group with respect to carboxyl group, the amino acids can be classified as …. ☛ α Amino Acid ☛ β Amino Acids ☛ γ Amino Acids ☛ δ Amino Acids ➧ Only α-amino acids are obtained on hydrolysis of proteins. ✪ Note :- 
• 20 types of amino acids (Magic 20) found in Nature. |
| Types of Amino Acids Based on the R group or the Alkyl group. |
| ✪ Neutral amino acids ➠ Glycine ➠ Alanine ➠ Valine ➠ Leucine ➠ Isoleucine ✪ Acidic Amino Acids ✪ Basic Amino Acids ✪ Sulpher Containing amino acids ✪ Alcoholic amino acids ✪ Arometic amino acids |
| List of Essential Amino Acids |
| ➧ Animal cannot synthesize 7 amino acids out of 20. ➧ These 7 amino acids are called ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS. ➧ List of these 7 amino acids • 1. Leucine • 2. Isoleusine • 3. Valine • 4. Tryptophan • 5. Phenyl alanine • 6. Lysine • 7. Methionine ➧ In Human the amino acid THREONINE is also not synthesized. ➧ In Childrens amino acid ARGININE and HISTIDINE is also not synthesized. ➧ So for Children the essential amino acids are — 10 (Above 7 + Threonine + Arginine + Histidine) ➧ Arginine and Histidine are Semi essential amino acids. |
| Use of Amino Acids |
| ➧ Amino Acids are the building block of Proteins. ➧ For the formation of Protein chains, the Amino acids are join togather by forming Peptide bond(CO-NH) ➧ Aspartame is Synthetic Polypeptide used as Artificial Sweetener. ➧ Amino acid Dihydroxy Phenylalanine is used in the treatment for — Parkinsonism. ➧ Monosodium glutamate (MSG) amino acid — used as food additive that enanches flavour. 
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