Various cross pollination methods

♦ There are two types of pollination ..
• Self Pollination
• Cross Pollination

♦ Self Pollination
• It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anthers of a flower to the stigmas of the same flower or to another flower in the same plant.

♦ Cross Pollination
• It is the method of transfer of pollen grains from the anthers of a flower to the stigmas of another flower in other plants of the same species.

◘ Biotic Factors
• These are living things within an ecosystem.
• Such as plants, animals, and bacteria.

◘ Abiotic Factors
• These are non-living components.
• Such as water, soil and atmosphere.

◘ Biotic pollination relies on living pollinators to move the pollen from one flower to another.
◘ Abiotic pollination relies on wind, water or even rain.
◘ About 80% of angiosperms rely on biotic pollination.

• This allows the plant to spend energy directly on pollen rather than on attracting pollinators with flowers and nectar.

♦ Pollination by water• Pollination by water, is called – Hydrophily.
• It uses water to transport pollen, sometimes as whole anthers.
• Pollen or whole anthers can travel across the surface of the water to carry dry pollen from one flower to another.

♦ Pollination by rain
• Rain pollination is used by a small percentage of plants.
• Heavy rain discourages insect pollination.
• Heavy rain also damages unprotected flowers.
• but can itself disperse pollen of suitably adapted plants,
~ such as Ranunculus , flammula, Narthecium ossifragum.