Memorizing chemical formulas and their common trade names is a crucial part of the General Science syllabus. To help you secure marks in exams like SSC (CGL, CHSL, MTS), Railway (RRB NTPC, Group D), UPSC, and State PSCs, we have compiled a complete list of important chemical substances.
Below, you can review the most frequently asked chemical formulas and download the Chemical Formula and Common Name PDF in both English and Hindi (सामान्य नामों और उनके सूत्रों के साथ रासायनिक पदार्थों की सूची मुफ्त डाउनलोड के लिए पीडीएफ).
30 Important Chemical Compounds: Common Names & Formulas
This table consolidates the most commonly tested chemicals, providing their trade name, scientific chemical name, and molecular formula. (Note: Blue Vitriol is corrected here to its standard pentahydrate form).
| Common / Trade Name (English & Hindi) | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Marble (संगमरमर) | Calcium Carbonate | CaCO₃ |
| Aqua Regia (अम्लराज) | Nitrohydrochloric Acid | 3HCl + HNO₃ |
| Heavy Water (भारी जल) | Deuterium Oxide | D₂O |
| Sugar (चीनी) | Sucrose | C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ |
| Marsh Gas (मार्श गैस) | Methane | CH₄ |
| Hypo (हाइपो) | Sodium Thiosulphate | Na₂S₂O₃·5H₂O |
| Laughing Gas (लाफिंग गैस) | Nitrous Oxide | N₂O |
| Bleaching Powder (ब्लीचिंग पाउडर) | Calcium Hypochlorite | Ca(ClO)₂ |
| Sand (बालू) | Silicon Dioxide | SiO₂ |
| China White (चाइना व्हाइट) | Zinc Oxide | ZnO |
| Alcohol / Grain Alcohol (एल्कोहॉल) | Ethyl Alcohol | C₂H₅OH |
| Caustic Soda (कॉस्टिक सोडा) | Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
| Washing Soda (धावन सोडा) | Sodium Carbonate | Na₂CO₃·10H₂O |
| Baking Soda / Edible Soda (खाने का सोडा) | Sodium Bicarbonate | NaHCO₃ |
| Plaster of Paris (प्लास्टर ऑफ पेरिस) | Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate | CaSO₄·½H₂O |
| Chile Saltpetre (चिली साल्टपीटर) | Sodium Nitrate | NaNO₃ |
| Borax (सुहागा) | Sodium Tetraborate | Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O |
| Alum (फिटकरी) | Potassium Aluminium Sulphate | K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O |
| Blue Vitriol (नीला थोथा / तूतिया) | Copper Sulphate | CuSO₄·5H₂O |
| Dry Ice (शुष्क बर्फ) | Solid Carbon Dioxide | CO₂ |
| Gypsum (जिप्सम) | Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate | CaSO₄·2H₂O |
| White Vitriol (उजला थोथा) | Zinc Sulphate | ZnSO₄·7H₂O |
| Green Vitriol (हरा कसीस) | Ferrous Sulphate | FeSO₄·7H₂O |
| Quicklime (कली चूना) | Calcium Oxide | CaO |
| Slaked Lime (भखरा चूना) | Calcium Hydroxide | Ca(OH)₂ |
| Cinnabar (सिंदूर) | Mercuric Sulphide | HgS |
| Saltpetre Acid (शोरे का अम्ल) | Nitric Acid | HNO₃ |
| Muriatic Acid / Salt Acid (नमक का अम्ल) | Hydrochloric Acid | HCl |
| Sal Ammoniac (नौसादर) | Ammonium Chloride | NH₄Cl |
| Oil of Vitriol (गंधक का अम्ल) | Sulphuric Acid | H₂SO₄ |
| White Potash (श्वेत पोटाश) | Potassium Chlorate | KClO₃ |
Download Free Chemical Formulas PDFs
Use the links below to download comprehensive PDF notes for offline study and quick revision. We have provided distinct files for English and Hindi mediums, as well as practice worksheets.
📘 English Medium Study Material
| File Name | Pages | Download Link |
| List of Common Chemical Formulas and Names | 13 | 📥 Download PDF Here |
| Chemical Formula – Practice Sheet | 3 | 📥 Download PDF Here |
📙 Hindi Medium Study Material (हिंदी पीडीएफ)
| File Name | Pages | Download Link |
| पदार्थों के रासायनिक नाम और उनके सूत्र (Part 1) | 22 | 📥 Download PDF Here |
| पदार्थों के रासायनिक नाम और उनके सूत्र (Part 2) | 9 | 📥 Download PDF Here |
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