Top Headlines Related to Country in News 2025: Latest Current Affairs

Stay updated with the Top Headlines Related to Country in News 2025 to boost your current affairs preparation! This blog covers the most important news about countries that made headlines in 2025. These topics are very important for exams like SSC, Banking, RRB NTPC, UPSC, and State-level competitive exams.

Knowing which country was in the news and why helps you score better in the General Awareness section. This post is written in simple language so you can understand and remember easily. Let’s look at the latest updates from around the world that you must not miss!

Country in News 2025, January to December

December 2025

◾ Italy has unveiled the ‘Michelangelo Dome’ air defence system to strengthen its protection against modern aerial and missile threats.

◾ France has announced a new military volunteer programme, set to begin in 2026 for 18–19-year-old youth, aimed at strengthening national defence preparedness.

◾ Turkey’s Bayraktar Kizilelma has become the first uncrewed fighter aircraft to shoot down a jet-powered target using a beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile.

◾ India and Russia have approved the Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Support (RELOS) Agreement, enabling mutual access to military facilities for logistical support.

◾ Russia has decided to join the India-led International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA), a global initiative for the conservation of seven big cat species.

◾ India and Israel have partnered to launch ‘Semiophore Ltd.’, a joint venture focused on manufacturing and commercialising pheromone-based crop protection technologies.

◾ Australia has become the first country to ban social media for children under 16, restricting access to platforms like TikTok, YouTube, Instagram and Facebook.

◾ India has moved the resolution titled “Strengthening the Global Management of Wildfires” at the 7th United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-7) to boost international cooperation on wildfire management.

◾ According to the latest World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report, India recorded the highest number of doping violations in 2024.

◾ India and the Netherlands have announced the establishment of a Joint Trade and Investment Committee (JTIC) to review bilateral trade, promote investment and resolve trade barriers.

◾ Armenia has unveiled the official logo for the 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

◾ Brazil has formally handed over the rotating BRICS presidency to India.

◾ Oman has introduced its first polymer banknote, designed to be more durable and secure than paper currency.

◾ India is set to assume the chairpersonship of the Kimberley Process from 1 January 2026, strengthening its role in conflict-free diamond trade governance.

◾ The Kashiwazaki–Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, the world’s largest nuclear facility, is set to resume operations in Japan.

◾ The Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, claimed to be the world’s longest tunnel, has been opened in China.

◾ Russia has announced plans to build a nuclear power plant on the Moon by 2036 to boost its lunar space programme.

◾ Israel has become the first country to formally recognise the Republic of Somaliland as an independent and sovereign state.

◾ Kuwait has signed a $4.1 billion infrastructure agreement with China to complete the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Port project.

◾ Iran has launched three remote sensing satellites—Zafar-2, Paya and Kowsar-1.5—into low-Earth orbit using a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from a Russian launch site.

◾ China has set a new world record by testing a maglev train that reached 700 km/h in just two seconds.

◾ China has developed the YJ-20 hypersonic anti-ship missile, enhancing its advanced naval strike capabilities.

November 2025

◾ India has officially concluded its strategic presence at Ayni Airbase, which is located in Tajikistan, marking a shift in its overseas military engagement.

◾ Russia has successfully tested the nuclear-powered ‘Poseidon’ Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), a next-generation strategic weapon system.

◾ South Korea has awarded the ‘Grand Order of Mugunghwa’, its highest civilian honour, to US President Donald Trump.

◾ The world’s first-ever white Iberian lynx has been spotted in Spain, highlighting a rare genetic phenomenon in wildlife conservation.

◾ Sweden has become the world’s first fully cashless country, setting a global benchmark in digital financial systems.

◾ Russia has launched its latest nuclear submarine ‘Khabarovsk’, armed with the Poseidon nuclear drone, also known as the “doomsday missile”.

◾ China has become the first country to successfully transmute thorium fuel into uranium fuel for use in a molten salt reactor.

◾ Maldives has emerged as the first country to impose a generational smoking ban, prohibiting tobacco use for those born after January 1, 2007.

◾ Poland has announced a large-scale military training programme ‘At Readiness’, aiming to train 400,000 people by 2026.

◾ China has officially commissioned its third aircraft carrier ‘Fujian’, regarded as its most advanced and modern warship to date.

◾ Bangladesh has become the first country in South Asia to join the United Nations (UN) Water Convention.

◾ Oman has been inducted as a member of the International Coordinating Council of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, strengthening its global environmental role.

◾ According to the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025, India accounts for the highest share of global TB cases, contributing 25% of the total burden.

◾ Ethiopia is set to host the United Nations COP32 Climate Summit in 2027, reinforcing Africa’s role in global climate governance.

◾ Hanimaadhoo International Airport, developed with India’s financial assistance, has been inaugurated in the Maldives.

◾ The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has launched a nationwide fitness campaign ‘Walk to Mars’, encouraging residents to collectively walk 54 million kilometres under the theme “Every Step Makes a Difference.”

◾ Singapore has become the first country in the world to introduce a Green Fuel Levy on departing air passengers.

◾ Qatar is set to host the first-ever International Military Music Festival in December 2025.

◾ Fátima Bosch of Mexico has won the 74th Miss Universe title, bringing the crown to her country.

◾ Turkey has been announced as the host of the COP31 Climate Summit, strengthening its role in international climate diplomacy.

◾ China is developing the Deep-Sea All-Weather Resident Floating Research Facility, a 78,000-tonne mobile artificial island designed to withstand even a nuclear explosion.

◾ Brazil has launched the ‘Global Mutirão Platform’, a digital initiative aimed at accelerating global climate action across energy, finance, and trade.

October 2025

◾ Maldives became the newest member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at its 69th General Conference in Vienna.

◾ Russia will launch the world’s first closed fuel cycle nuclear power system, enabling multiple reuse of spent fuel.

◾ India–Australia signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) on organic products to boost farmer and exporter opportunities.

◾ Singapore topped the 2025 Index of Economic Freedom (IEF) as the world’s freest economy.

◾ Typhoon Bualoi caused major destruction across Vietnam.

◾ Poland decided to join the NATO Pipeline System (NPS).

◾ India received the International Social Security Association (ISSA) Award 2025 for Outstanding Achievement in Social Security.

◾ Philippines launched Southeast Asia’s first coral larvae cryobank for marine biodiversity protection.

◾ China commissioned the world’s first solar thermal power plant with two towers and a single generator.

◾ A 12,000-year-old T-shaped pillar was discovered in Karahan Tepe, Turkey.

◾ Cyclone Shakti was named by Sri Lanka, a member of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) naming panel.

◾ Dr. Khaled El-Enany from Egypt is set to become the next Director-General of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).

◾ Palau hosted the world’s first live underwater interview.

◾ Taiwan announced T-Dome, a multi-layered air defence shield for intercepting aerial threats.

◾ Armenia officially joined the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a State Member.

◾ The 45th GITEX (Gulf Information Technology Exhibition) Global was hosted in the UAE (United Arab Emirates).

◾ Egypt hosted the Gaza Peace Summit led by U.S. President Donald Trump.

◾ The Durand Line, recently in news, is the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.

◾ Mongolia joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to strengthen renewable energy cooperation.

◾ India and the United Kingdom (UK) launched the Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme for young scientists.

◾ Bled, located in Slovenia, was named one of the World’s Best Tourism Villages 2025 by UN Tourism.

◾ India and Brazil announced a joint declaration to expand the India–MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA).

◾ Tuvalu became the 90th State Member of the IUCN.

◾ Uruguay became the first Latin American nation to legalise euthanasia.

◾ Cyclone Montha was named by Thailand.

◾ The Taftan volcano, showing renewed activity, is located in Iran.

◾ China developed an underwater phantom robot, a jellyfish-inspired device for marine monitoring.

◾ Timor-Leste became the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

◾ India partnered with Nigeria to establish the first Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) campus in West Africa.

◾ Paul Biya, aged 92, was re-elected President of Cameroon for the eighth term.

September 2025

◾ India and Japan are jointly developing a cutting-edge naval antenna system called the UNIted COmbined Radio aNtenna (UNICORN) for deployment on Indian Navy platforms.

◾ Kyrgyzstan has assumed the rotating chairmanship of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for the term 2025–26.

◾ Australia is enhancing its naval strength by deploying a fleet of advanced underwater strike drones known as “Ghost Shark” to bolster maritime defense capabilities.

◾ The Government of India has signed a bilateral investment agreement with Israel to promote and protect reciprocal investments between the two nations.

◾ The Government of India has announced a Special Economic Package worth nearly USD 680 million for Mauritius, focusing on development in health, infrastructure, and maritime security sectors.

◾ Pakistan has taken over as the chair of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (SCO-RATS) for the period 2025–26.

◾ The territorial dispute over the Scarborough Shoal continues between China and the Philippines, highlighting tensions in the South China Sea.

◾ India will host the 89th General Meeting (GM) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), underscoring the country’s growing role in global standardization.

◾ The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, aimed at reducing overfishing, officially came into force after ratification by four more countries — India was not among them.

◾ Researchers from China have developed an innovative medical bone glue called “Bone 02”, capable of repairing fractures and shattered bones within three minutes without the need for screws, plates, or repeat surgeries.

◾ Soda ash mining at Lake Natron has been halted to protect the world’s population of Lesser Flamingos. The lake lies along the border between Tanzania and Kenya.

◾ India has been re-elected to both the Council of Administration (CA) and the Postal Operations Council (POC) of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) during the 28th UPU Congress held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).

◾ Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage Site recently in the news for the risk of losing its New 7 Wonders of the World status, is located in Peru.

◾ An Indian national has become the first person to be deported from the United Kingdom (UK) under the “one-in, one-out” migration scheme, which allows the UK to exchange illegal arrivals for approved asylum seekers from France.

◾ The Maharashtra Government has partnered with Finland to implement technology-driven modernization of Mumbai’s historic Sassoon Dock, one of the city’s oldest fishing ports.

◾ India has been elected as a member of the Asian Committee of the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) for the term 2025–29.

◾ The Bagram Air Base, recently mentioned after U.S. President Donald Trump announced a bid to retake it, is located in Afghanistan.

◾ Three countries have recently announced their withdrawal from the International Criminal Court (ICC), and Ghana was not one of them.

◾ The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has unveiled its first Sovereign Mobility Cloud, designed to advance autonomous transportation as part of its national autonomous mobility strategy.

August 2025

◾ Australia and the United Kingdom have signed the bilateral Nuclear-Powered Submarine Partnership and Collaboration Treaty, also known as the Geelong Treaty.

◾ Typhoon Co-May made landfall in China, becoming the eighth typhoon of the year to impact the region.

◾ Moldova has officially become the 107th member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

◾ India has signed a Protocol with Russia to deepen industrial cooperation in aluminium, railways, and mining.

◾ The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-B) is set to open its first international centre in Japan.

◾ China has unveiled a new “K-visa” aimed at attracting top-tier tech talent without requiring a job offer, marking a major shift in its immigration policy.

◾ More than 500 humanoid robots from 16 countries showcased their skills at the World Humanoid Robot Games held in Beijing, China.

◾ Russia is preparing to launch the Venera-D Mission to Venus, featuring a lander, a balloon probe, and an orbital spacecraft.

◾ India has outpaced Japan in solar energy generation, producing 1,08,494 GWh, and has become the world’s third-largest solar power generator after China and the United States.

◾ Nepal has officially joined the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) by signing the framework agreement.

◾ Malaysia has scripted history with the launch of Ryt Bank, the world’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered bank.

July 2025

◾ The QUAD nations launched the first-ever ‘QUAD At Sea Observer Mission’ to strengthen maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region; Indonesia is not a QUAD member.

◾ Japan launched the climate change monitoring satellite GOSAT-GW aboard an H-2A rocket to track CO₂, methane, and other greenhouse gases.

◾ The USA topped the Hurun Global Unicorn Index 2025, with India retaining 3rd rank globally (64 unicorns).

◾ The United Kingdom officially launched the Synthetic Human Genome Project (SynHG) to build human DNA from scratch.

◾ China successfully test-flew its Feitian-2 Hypersonic Vehicle (HV) using Rocket-Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) propulsion.

◾ India signed an undersea surveillance agreement with Australia for a three-year joint research project to enhance submarine and AUV detection.

◾ Colombia and Uzbekistan officially joined the New Development Bank (NDB), expanding membership to 11 countries.

◾ Russia became the first country to formally recognise the Taliban government in Afghanistan.

◾ PM Narendra Modi was conferred Brazil’s highest civilian award, ‘The Grand Collar of the National Order of the Southern Cross’.

◾ The Indian Coast Guard and Japan Coast Guard will conduct the joint exercise ‘Jaa Mata’ off the coast of Chennai.

◾ Helgoland, birthplace of quantum mechanics, is a small red sandstone archipelago in Germany.

◾ PM Narendra Modi received the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis, the highest civilian honour of Namibia.

◾ The World Heritage Committee (WHC) removed three African heritage sites from the danger list; these are not associated with Namibia.

◾ Bangladesh interim government head Muhammad Yunus initiated ‘mango diplomacy’ with India by sending Haribhanga mangoes.

◾ France signed an agreement with New Caledonian political forces to establish a “State of New Caledonia” within its republic.

◾ China developed the world’s lightest brain-control device, ‘Cyborg bee’ (74 mg), for controlling bee movement.

◾ Singapore ranked as the most expensive city to live well in the Global Wealth and Lifestyle Report 2025 by Julius Baer.

◾ Israel launched Dror-1, a geostationary communication satellite ensuring strategic autonomy in satellite communication.

◾ Senegal was officially declared free of trachoma by the World Health Organization (WHO).

◾ Prince Al-Waleed of Saudi Arabia, known as the ‘Sleeping Prince’, passed away aged 36 after nearly two decades in coma.

◾ The United Kingdom launched the world’s first sanctions regime against illegal migrant smuggling networks.

◾ Australia introduced the Pacific Engagement Visa, the first climate migration agreement, enabling Tuvaluans to migrate permanently.

◾ The UK opened its final 2025 visa ballot for the India Young Professionals Scheme for Indians aged 18–30 to live, work, or study for two years.

◾ India and France signed an MoU for collaboration in skill development, vocational education, and training.

June 2025

◾ China has established the International Organisation for Mediation (IOMed) as a global alternative to traditional dispute resolution bodies like the ICJ and the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

◾ Malaysia has been elected President of the UN-Habitat General Assembly for the 2025–2029 term.

◾ Bangladesh’s Central Bank has released new currency notes excluding the portrait of its founding father.

◾ Nicaragua has become the 101st member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to formally accept the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies.

◾ India has won the Presidency of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) for the 2025–2028 term.

◾ Japan has introduced a Bill on the Promotion of AI Research, Development, and Utilization to accelerate innovation and address ethical concerns.

◾ UAE and WHO launched a humanitarian initiative to combat malnutrition in Socotra, a Yemeni island.

◾ India signed and ratified the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) with Kyrgyzstan to boost mutual investments.

◾ China unveiled plans to construct the world’s first fusion-fission hybrid nuclear reactor, named Xinghuo.

◾ Ethiopia is not among the five countries elected as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (2026–2027).

◾ Bulgaria is set to become the 21st member of the Euro currency union, a core EU economic integration project.

◾ France and Brazil launched the ‘Blue NDC Challenge’ to scale up ocean-focused climate action.

◾ China has initiated the world’s first large-scale application of non-binary AI chips in aviation and industrial sectors.

◾ Sri Lanka celebrated the Poson Poya festival, commemorating the arrival of Buddhism over 2,000 years ago.

◾ Rwanda has announced its decision to withdraw from the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).

◾ Latvia is hosting the “Baltic Operations 2025 (BALTOPS 25)”, NATO’s annual multinational maritime exercise.

◾ Russia, according to SIPRI Yearbook 2025, possesses the largest nuclear stockpile at 5,459 warheads including retired ones.

◾ China successfully launched ‘Zhangheng 1-02’ satellite for integrated disaster early warning systems.

◾ Pakistan has been appointed Chair of the Taliban Sanctions Committee and Vice-Chair of the 1373 Counter-Terrorism Committee for its 2025–26 UNSC term.

◾ Israel has developed “Barak Magen”, an advanced naval air defence system.

◾ Copenhagen (Denmark) has been ranked the most liveable city in the Global Liveability Index 2025.

◾ Finland has approved its withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention, which bans anti-personnel landmines.

◾ China has developed a two-kilowatt fibre laser capable of functioning in extreme climates from –50°C to 50°C.

◾ India’s IFFCO is establishing its first overseas nano-soil nutrients plant in Brazil.

◾ Greece’s Chios Island witnessed a major wildfire near its main town, being the fifth-largest Greek island.

◾ Canada hosted the 51st G7 Summit, attended by the Prime Minister of India.

◾ Romania and the IAEA will launch ConvEx-3 (2025) – the world’s largest international nuclear emergency exercise.

◾ Brazil has been officially recognised as free from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) without vaccination by international health authorities.

◾ Botswana became the first African and high-burden HIV country to achieve WHO’s Gold Tier status for elimination of vertical HIV transmission.

May 2025

◾Bhutan has become the first country to implement a national-level crypto payment system for the tourism sector.

◾France is currently hosting the construction of the world’s largest nuclear fusion project, ITER (International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor), where scientists have completed the main magnet system.

◾A massive explosion recently struck Shahid Rajaee Port in Iran, causing a major fire and casualties.

◾India and Denmark signed a renewed MoU to strengthen bilateral cooperation in clean energy transitions.

◾Angola became the 123rd member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) by signing the ISA Framework Agreement.

◾Norway topped the World Press Freedom Index 2025, released by Reporters Without Borders (RSF).

◾Iceland ranked 1st in the 2025 Human Development Report (HDR), while India was ranked 130th.

◾Nicaragua formally notified UNESCO of its exit after the agency announced an award to the exiled La Prensa newspaper.

◾Bagram Airfield, now reportedly occupied by China, is located in Afghanistan, as claimed by U.S. President Donald Trump.

◾Vietnam introduced a 10-year golden visa programme to become a sustainable travel and investment hub in Southeast Asia.

◾India launched chip-based e-passports to enhance traveler security and improve international mobility.

◾The Indian Armed Forces deployed Harop drones, manufactured by Israel, in precision strikes during Operation Sindoor targeting air defence systems in Pakistan.

◾India and Chile signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to enhance bilateral trade.

◾China developed LICOMK++, a high-resolution ocean simulation system for advanced modeling of ocean dynamics and climate patterns.

◾During the 58th Annual Meeting of the ADB Board of Governors, Japan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) jointly launched the ADB Market Acceleration Platform (AMAP).

◾ The 4th Ministerial Conference of RIMES was hosted by Sri Lanka, supported by the World Bank and FCDO.

◾ Jose Mujica, the former President of Uruguay known as the “world’s poorest president”, passed away recently.

◾ As per UNICEF’s ‘Report Card 19’, the Netherlands ranked as the best country for child well-being based on mental health, physical health, and skills.

◾ Colombia formally joined China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

◾ The Yala Glacier in Nepal was recently declared “dead” due to rapid melting caused by climate change.

◾ The first edition of Sagarmatha Sambaad was hosted by Nepal, with the theme “Climate Change, Mountains and the Future of Humanity”.

◾ China launched the world’s first AI-powered satellites aimed at building a supercomputer in orbit.

◾ India signed 13 MoUs with the Maldives to boost ferry services, maritime connectivity, and community development.

◾ The World Health Organization (WHO) awarded India the Certificate of Elimination of Trachoma as a public health problem.

◾ U.S. President Donald Trump witnessed Al-Ayyala, a traditional performing art, during his visit to the United Arab Emirates and Oman.

◾ Malaysia was not among the four countries recognized by WHO for eliminating industrially produced trans fats.

◾ India assumed the Chairmanship of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) for the 2025–26 term.

◾ Saudi Arabia launched the world’s first AI medical clinic featuring “Dr Hua”, capable of autonomous diagnosis and treatment planning.

◾ The United Kingdom (UK) agreed to cede sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius.

◾ Saudi Arabia announced ‘TOURISE’, a global tourism platform to enhance public-private collaboration in the sector.

◾ The 24th IORA Council of Ministers Meeting (COM) was hosted virtually by Sri Lanka, with participation from India.

◾ China plans to launch the Tianwen-2 mission to explore the near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamo‘oalewa.

◾ During the 78th World Health Assembly in Geneva, six African nations signed an MoU to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis; Burundi was not among them.

April 2025

◾ Thailand released a commemorative iStamp featuring Ramakien mural paintings, inspired by the Ramayana and painted during King Rama I’s reign.

◾ Sri Lanka conferred the prestigious “Mithra Vibhushana medal” on PM Narendra Modi for his role in strengthening bilateral ties.

◾ Bangladesh assumed the Chair of BIMSTEC for the next two years, enhancing its regional leadership.

◾ Brazil proposed the formation of a “Climate Change Council” to fast-track COP decisions and enhance global climate action.

◾ Nigeria recorded the highest number of maternal deaths in 2023, according to the UN’s “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000–2023” report.

◾ China launched the “Three Gorges Antarctic Eye”, a 3.2-metre radio/millimetre-wave telescope, at its Antarctic research station.

◾ Bangladesh became the 54th country to join the Artemis Accords, promoting peaceful space exploration with NASA.

◾ Researchers from Switzerland and the United States developed a Mangrove Risk Index, warning about threats from rising sea levels and cyclones.

◾ India signed an agriculture cooperation agreement with Israel to modernize farming practices and ensure food security.

◾ Argentina is not among the five countries (Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) that withdrew from the Ottawa Convention over security concerns.

◾ Mauritius became the first African nation to sign a Country Partnership Framework (CPF) with the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

◾ Japan constructed a 3D-printed train station, Hatsushima Station, in just 6 hours – a global milestone in rail innovation.

◾ The United States of America received the highest private investment in quantum technology (USD 6.94 billion), according to India’s ITES-Q report.

◾ United Arab Emirates (UAE) took over as Chair of INTERPOL’s Committee on Governance, enhancing its role in global policing.

◾ India signed a Headquarters Agreement with the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) to host its Secretariat.

◾ Japan donated two Shinkansen train sets (E5 & E3 series) to India for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor.

◾ The United States of America emerged as India’s largest trading partner with USD 131.84 billion in bilateral trade.

◾ China is set to open the world’s tallest bridge, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, by June 2025.

◾ The United Kingdom launched “Project SeaCURE” to extract carbon dioxide directly from seawater – a climate tech initiative.

◾ China successfully tested a hydrogen-based explosive device that triggers chain reactions without nuclear materials.

◾ The Jwaneng Diamond Mine, the world’s richest, valued at €1 billion, is located in Botswana.

◾ The Poás Volcano, known for its acidic crater lake, recently erupted in Costa Rica.

◾ Russia and China are considering building a nuclear plant on the Moon to power the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).

◾ South Korea launched its fourth indigenous military spy satellite under the 425 Project to monitor North Korea’s threats.

◾ France and India signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement for procuring 26 Rafale aircraft for the Indian Navy.

◾ Pakistan decided to halt the Cholistan canal irrigation project after intense protests from local communities.

◾ The Mycetoma Research Centre (MRC) in Sudan was destroyed amid the ongoing civil conflict.

◾ China officially joined the FAO Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA), becoming the 108th signatory to curb illegal fishing.

March 2025

• 🇩🇰 Denmark has launched the Green Transition Alliance India (GTAI) initiative to strengthen sustainable energy collaboration with India.

• 🇦🇪 UAE has launched the first phase of its 10-year ‘Blue Visa’ programme for individuals contributing to environmental protection.

• 🇯🇵 India and Japan have renewed the $75 billion bilateral currency swap agreement to enhance financial cooperation.

• 🇩🇰 Denmark has discovered a 4,000-year-old Neolithic wooden circle, resembling Stonehenge.

• 🇫🇷 Cyclone Garance made landfall on La Réunion Island, an overseas territory of France.

• The United States President has signed an executive order declaring English as the official language of the country.

• 🇵🇰 🇦🇫 Gunfire was reported at the Torkham border crossing between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

• 🇧🇮 🇹🇿 🇿🇲 🇨🇩 A $14.5 million biodiversity project was launched for the Lake Tanganyika Basin; Namibia is not a part of it.

• 🇸🇪 Sweden ranked first globally as the best country to be a working woman in The Economist’s 2025 glass-ceiling index.

• 🇺🇦 Ukraine became the world’s largest importer of major arms during the period 2020–24, as per SIPRI.

• 🇱🇹 Lithuania has withdrawn from the Convention on Cluster Munitions, distancing itself from the global treaty.

• 🇬🇧 The UK government, in collaboration with Odisha’s Energy Dept. and GRIDCO, hosted a workshop on ‘Net-Zero Vision for Bhubaneswar’.

• 🇮🇹 Italian scientists have made light behave like a “supersolid” for the first time in scientific history.

February 2025

• UAE declared 2025 as the “Year of Community” to promote unity and inclusion.

• China developed DEMENTIA, a multi-task learning framework for early Alzheimer’s detection.

• Niger became the first African country to eliminate onchocerciasis.

• Guinea eradicated Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) as a public health issue.

• India secured the highest Digital Well-Being Index score for the third consecutive year.

• The United Kingdom is set to become the first country to ban AI-generated child sexual abuse material (CSAM).

• Uganda, with the WHO, launched the world’s first clinical trial for a Sudan species Ebola vaccine.

• Panama became the first Latin American country to formally exit China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

• Australia successfully created the first-ever kangaroo embryos using IVF.

• India & Egypt conducted “Cyclone 2025”, a joint military exercise in Rajasthan.

• Iran commissioned its first drone carrier, Shahid Bagheri (C110-4).

• Bangladesh launched a large-scale security operation called “Operation Devil Hunt”.

• Albania discovered the world’s largest underground thermal lake, named Neuron.

• China approved a deep-sea research facility in the South China Sea.

• Chad concluded “Operation Haskanite”, a military campaign against Boko Haram.

• Brazil approved its membership in OPEC+.

• Egypt announced the discovery of a pharaoh’s tomb for the first time in over 100 years.

• Vietnam published a new map defining its baseline claim in the Gulf of Tonkin.

• Indonesia launched a sovereign wealth fund, Daya Anagata Nusantara (Danantara), managing over $900 billion in state assets.

January 2025

• China unveils its first Type 076 amphibious assault ship, ‘Sichuan’.

• China introduces CR450, the world’s fastest high-speed train prototype, with test speeds of 450 km/h.

• Indonesia becomes a full member of BRICS.

• Hundreds of dinosaur footprints from the Middle Jurassic Period were discovered in the UK, earning the site the nickname “dinosaur highway”.

• India and Spain to commemorate 2026 as a ‘dual year’ focusing on culture, tourism, and AI advancements.

• China develops new technology. achieving a 95% rare earth recovery rate while reducing mining time by 70%.

• China successfully launches ‘Shijian-25’ satellite into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) aboard a Long March 3B rocket.

• India is developing the world’s most powerful hydrogen train engine with a capacity of 1,200 horsepower.

• Nigeria becomes the ninth partner country of BRICS.

• Uttarakhand government collaborates with Iceland to explore geothermal energy resources.

• Satellite images reveal a near-complete airstrip on Abd al-Kuri Island, Yemen.

• China completes the construction of the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the world’s longest expressway tunnel.

• Thailand becomes the first Southeast Asian nation to legalize same-sex marriage.

• China’s ‘artificial sun’ (EAST) achieves a milestone by maintaining super-hot plasma for over 1,000 seconds.

• Georgia is officially certified as malaria-free by WHO.

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