Bhabar Region of India: Features, Importance, and Unique Geography

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The Bhabar region is a unique geographical area in India, located at the foot of the Himalayas. It lies between the Shivalik Hills and the Tarai region. This region is made up of coarse sand, pebbles, and boulders carried by rivers from the mountains.

Because of its porous soil, rivers disappear underground, making the land dry and not suitable for farming. However, the Bhabar region is important for forest resources and wildlife. It also acts as a natural barrier against floods for the plains of North India.

â—¾Physiography of India [Complete Overview Notes]

Division of Indo-Gangetic Plains

RegionLocationKey FeaturesMajor Cities
BhabarSouth of the Lower Himalayas and Sivalik Hills (Garhwal & Kumaon, Uttarakhand)Porous, alluvial deposits; acts as a recharge zone for riversDehradun, Haridwar, Haldwani, Rishikesh, Ramnagar, Tanakpur, Kotdwar
TeraiSouth of Bhabar, running parallel to itMarshy land with high water table; rich in biodiversityPilibhit, Lakhimpur Kheri, Bahraich, Udham Singh Nagar
BangarHigher floodplain of the Indo-Gangetic PlainOlder alluvium, well-drained, fertile soilAgra, Mathura, Etawah, Kanpur
KhadarLow-lying floodplain along riverbanksNewer alluvium, highly fertile, frequently floodedAllahabad (Prayagraj), Varanasi, Patna, Kolkata

Significance of Bhabar Grass (Eulaliopsis binata)

AspectDetails
Scientific NameEulaliopsis binata
Local ImportanceThe term Bhabar originates from this tall-growing grass.
Primary UsesPaper manufacturing and rope production.
Paper MakingThe fibrous nature of Bhabar grass enhances paper strength and durability.
Rope ProductionThe long fibers make it ideal for strong and durable ropes, used in agriculture and industry.
Eulaliopsis binata Grass
Eulaliopsis binata Grass (Photo: rajajinationalpark.org)

Overview of the Bhabar Plains

AspectDetails
LocationSituated in the Kumaon and Garhwal regions.
Geographical FeaturesA gently sloping, coarse alluvial zone beneath the Sivalik Hills.
Unique HydrologyStreams disappear into permeable sediments, with underground water rising in the Terai below.
Major RiversGanges River (west) and Sharda River (east) define its boundaries.
Economic ImportanceActs as a trade & commerce hub, especially in cities like Haldwani.
Agricultural SignificanceMonsoon replenishes topsoil, leading to high agricultural yields.

Historical Overview of the Bhabar Region

AspectDetails
Historical Division (1901)Bhabar was one of the four divisions of the Nainital district.
Population (1901)93,445 people across 4 towns and 511 villages.
Area (1901)1,279 square miles (approx. 3,310 km²).
Present-Day LocationCorresponds to the Haldwani subdivision.
Traditional Land UseUsed by Gujjar cattle herders from Kumaon & Garhwal.
Seasonal MigrationHerders migrated in winter for pastures & favorable climates.
Economic ImportanceA key hub for agriculture & cattle herding in the region.

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