In Chemistry, the term system refers to a specific part of the universe that is under observation or study. Everything outside this system is called the surroundings. The interaction between the system and its surroundings helps us understand various chemical and physical processes.
In this article, we will explore the different types of systems in Chemistry with easy explanations and examples. Understanding these concepts is important for exams like SSC, RRB NTPC, UPSC, and state-level competitive exams.
What is a System in Chemistry?
A system is any part of the universe that is chosen for study. It can be a beaker containing a chemical reaction, a gas in a cylinder, or even the human body! A system is defined by the boundaries that separate it from its surroundings.
Types of Systems in Chemistry
Based on the exchange of matter and energy with the surroundings, systems in Chemistry are classified into three types:
- Open System
- Closed System
- Isolated System
Let’s understand each type in detail.
1. Open System
Definition
An open system is a system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings.
Examples
- A boiling pot of water – Steam (matter) escapes, and heat (energy) is transferred to the surroundings.
- An open soda bottle – Carbon dioxide gas escapes, and heat can also be transferred.
- A burning candle – The wax (matter) burns and releases heat (energy).
Key Features
✅ Matter can enter or leave the system.
✅ Energy can be transferred to or from the system.
2. Closed System
Definition:
A closed system is a system that can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings.
Examples:
- A sealed soda bottle – Heat can transfer, but gas and liquid stay inside.
- A pressure cooker – Heat is transferred, but water and steam do not escape.
- A covered boiling pot – Heat can escape, but water remains inside.
Key Features:
✅ Energy can be transferred (heat, light, etc.).
❌ Matter cannot enter or leave the system.
3. Isolated System
Definition:
An isolated system is a system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings.
Examples:
- A thermos flask – Keeps liquids hot or cold because there is no heat transfer.
- A perfectly insulated container – No heat or matter exchange takes place.
Key Features:
❌ No exchange of matter.
❌ No exchange of energy.
Comparison Table: Types of Systems
| Type of System | Matter Exchange | Energy Exchange | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open System | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | Boiling pot, Burning candle |
| Closed System | ❌ No | ✅ Yes | Sealed soda bottle, Pressure cooker |
| Isolated System | ❌ No | ❌ No | Thermos flask, Insulated container |
Why is Understanding Systems Important?
Understanding types of systems in chemistry helps in:
✅ Learning thermodynamics – the study of heat and energy transfer.
✅ Understanding chemical reactions and their surroundings.
✅ Explaining natural processes like the water cycle, combustion, and heat transfer.
Quick Revision Notes
- A system is the part of the universe chosen for study.
- The surroundings are everything outside the system.
- Types of systems:
- Open System – Exchanges both matter and energy (e.g., boiling water).
- Closed System – Exchanges only energy, not matter (e.g., sealed soda bottle).
- Isolated System – Exchanges neither matter nor energy (e.g., thermos flask).
Conclusion
Understanding the types of systems in Chemistry is important for competitive exams and real-world applications. Keep practicing and revising to strengthen your concepts. Remember, science is everywhere – even in a simple thermos flask!
Keep learning, keep growing, and ace your exams! 🚀
