Alkali metals are a group of soft and shiny metals that are very important in science. They are found in the first column of the periodic table. These metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. They are called “alkali” because they form strong bases (alkalies) when mixed with water. These metals react quickly and are never found alone in nature.
In many competitive exams like SSC, Banking, RRB NTPC, UPSC, and State-level exams, questions about alkali metals are often asked under general science (chemistry). So, it is very important to learn about them in a simple and easy way.
This post will help you understand alkali metals with easy examples, important facts, and simple explanations to make your exam preparation strong and stress-free.
What are Alkali Metals?
Alkali metals are a group of chemical elements found in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.
They are called “alkali” because they form alkaline (basic) solutions when they react with water.
Where are Alkali Metals in the Periodic Table?
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Group | Group 1 (also called Group IA) |
| Block | s-block elements |
| Position | Far left side of the Periodic Table |
| Total Elements | 6 naturally occurring + 1 synthetic |
List of Alkali Metals (Group 1 Elements)
Here’s a mnemonic to remember them in order:
“LiNa Ki Ruby CSe Fridge Me Hai”
| Element | Symbol | Atomic Number |
|---|---|---|
| Lithium | Li | 3 |
| Sodium | Na | 11 |
| Potassium | K | 19 |
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 |
| Cesium | Cs | 55 |
| Francium | Fr | 87 |
💡 Francium is radioactive and rare, found only in trace amounts.
Key Properties of Alkali Metals
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Shiny, soft metals |
| Density | Low (They can float on water!) |
| Melting Point | Low compared to other metals |
| Reactivity | Highly reactive, especially with water |
| Electrons in outer shell | Only 1 electron makes them unstable |
Reactions of Alkali Metals
1. Reaction with Water
- Alkali metals react quickly with cold water.
- They form alkaline solutions (basic) and release hydrogen gas.
Example:
Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + Hydrogen gas (H₂)
🔥 Note:
The reaction is vigorous and exothermic (releases heat).
Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium may catch fire during the reaction! 🔥
2. Reaction with Air (Oxygen)
- They react with oxygen to form oxides.
- That’s why alkali metals are stored in oil or kerosene to prevent reaction with air.
Interesting Facts to Remember
- Soft: You can cut sodium or potassium with a knife!
- Stored in Oil: To avoid reactions with air and moisture.
- Form Strong Bases: Like NaOH and KOH, used in soaps and cleaning products.
- Important in Daily Life:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) – Table salt 🍚
- Lithium – Used in batteries 🔋
- Potassium – Needed for plant growth 🌱
Quick Revision Table
| Property | Alkali Metals |
|---|---|
| Group in Periodic Table | Group 1 |
| Number of valence electrons | 1 |
| Reactivity | Very high |
| Stored in | Oil or kerosene |
| Reaction with water | Forms base + hydrogen |
| State at room temperature | Solid (except Francium, radioactive) |
Why are Alkali Metals Important for Exams?
Many exams ask:
- Group of alkali metals?
- Which alkali metal is used in batteries?
- Why are they stored in oil?
- Reaction of sodium with water?
📝 Tip: Focus on their properties, reactions, and uses.
Exam Booster Tips!
🔹 Use Mnemonics: Like “LiNa Ki Ruby CSe Fridge Me Hai”
🔹 Revise with Flashcards: Make small cards with one metal on each.
🔹 Watch Reaction Videos: Seeing is believing! Watching them react will help you remember faster.
🔹 Connect with Daily Life:
- Salt = Sodium
- Soap = Sodium or Potassium compounds
- Batteries = Lithium 🔋
Final Words of Motivation
You’ve just understood an important chemistry topic that many students find tough.
But you made it easy!
Keep believing in yourself.
Every concept you learn takes you one step closer to success! 💪
Stay curious. Stay consistent. You’ve got this! 🚀
If you liked this post, share it with your friends and keep revising.
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